Engineering Fundamentals

Resulting voltage, capacity, and energy for identical batteries in series and parallel.

Estimate charging time from capacity, SOC window, and charge current.

Estimate how long a battery can operate a load.

How much conductor that resistance represents — leftover on a spool, or length of a linear-anode header.

Conductor resistance from resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area.

Radius, diameter, circumference, and area from any one of the four.

Convert between conductivity and resistivity.

Idealized uniform-corrosion penetration rate from Faraday’s law and current density.

Uniform penetration rate from coupon mass loss, density, area, and exposure time.

Current density from current and exposed or active area.

Convert RF power between watts and dBm (referenced to 1 mW).

Convert RF power between watts and dBW (referenced to 1 W).

Energy consumed by a constant load over time.

Volumetric flow from mean velocity in a full circular pipe.

Series resistor and dissipation for an LED or other voltage-dependent load.

Ideal lever mechanical advantage from effort and load arms.

Generic linear scale: any signal range onto any engineering range. Both sides are dimensionless so the same tool covers mA, V, and counts.

Convert between voltage, current, and power for a DC, PoE, or unity-PF load.

Solve for voltage, current, resistance, or power from any two of the four.

Combine two or more resistances in parallel.

Convert a pressure difference to fluid head, or head to pressure.

Calculate conductor resistance from resistivity, length, and area.

Dimensionless Reynolds number from velocity, diameter, and dynamic or kinematic viscosity.

Solve a right triangle from two of leg A, leg B, hypotenuse, and angle A (opposite A).

Sum two or more resistances in series.

Estimate daily energy production from a PV array.

Convert specific gravity to density using a stated water reference, default 1000 kg/m³.

Normal stress from force and cross-sectional area.

Applied torque from force and lever arm. Angle is between the arm and the force.

Mean velocity from volumetric flow in a full circular pipe.

Free-space wavelength from frequency.

Mechanical work for a constant force acting through a distance.